The OSI model, or Open Systems Interconnection model, is a conceptual framework used to understand and implement network protocols in seven distinct layers. This model aids in standardizing communication functions and ensuring interoperability among diverse systems.
Layer 1: Physical Layer
The Physical Layer is responsible for transmitting raw bit streams over a physical medium. It defines the hardware elements, including cables, switches, and the electrical signals used for data transmission.
Layer 2: Data Link Layer
The Data Link Layer ensures error-free data transfer between adjacent network nodes. It organizes bits into frames, manages error detection and correction, and controls data flow.
Layer 3: Network Layer
The Network Layer handles packet routing through logical addressing and routing protocols. It determines the best path for data to travel from source to destination, managing network traffic and congestion.
In summary, the OSI model provides a structured approach to understanding network communication by breaking it down into seven layers. Each layer has specific functions that contribute to effective and efficient data transmission.
